History of surah The Dawn

Name

The Surat Al-Fajr received this name in reference to the oath with which God - the Most High - introduces these verses

Period of Revelation

Surat Al-Fajr was revealed after Surat Al-Layl, after the revelation of Surat Al-A’la. So the time of its descent will be between the beginning of the revelation to the Prophet Muhammad - may blessings and peace be upon him - and the migration, The books of interpretation have not mentioned any reason for the revelation of Surat Al-Fajr in its entirety, but they have mentioned the reason for the revelation of the words of God - the Almighty - from Surat Al-Fajr: (O satisfied soul), Some scholars have stated the multitude of opinions of the righteous predecessors about whom this verse was revealed as follows:

They said that this verse was sent down about Hamza bin Abdul Muttalib -may God be pleased with him- when he was martyred in the battle of Uhud, and those who said so included Abu Hurairah and Buraidah Al-Aslami -may God be pleased with them-.
They said that this verse was revealed about Othman bin Affan - may God be pleased with him - when he bought the well of Ruma to water the Muslims and built it for the sake of God.

Theme and topics

The verses included honoring and glorifying God for the days of Eid, the day of Arafah and the days of God's month of Muharram.
The intention of the verses in Surat Al-Fajr focused on the Day of Resurrection and what it entails in terms of scenes, conditions and terrors.
It also dealt with the false beliefs of the disbelievers with which they measure things, leading to their stubbornness, disbelief, and adherence to falsehood.
Sura Al-Fajr is one of the nineteen suras that begin with an oath, just as God Almighty swore at the opening of the sura at sunrise.
God Almighty has made it clear that chastisement will inevitably befall the polytheists, just as it has befallen the previous peoples before them, such as Ad and Thamud. God is watching for them, and He will not overlook them. He has made it clear to them that He only wants them to worship Him without associating anything with Him.
And this does not increase God's possession by anything. Rather, it benefits them in their world and in the hereafter, and benefits them and their society. But each of them sought his personal interest, so that he was satisfied when God bestowed on him, and he was troubled and dissatisfied when his provision was limited to himself; so he refrained from honoring the orphan and from urging to feed the poor.