History of surah The Exile

Name

And he gave it the name because the word "Al-Hashr" was in it, and because the Banu al-Nadir were gathered from their houses, that is, from their village al-Zahra near Medina, so that they moved to the Levant to Jericho and Adhara'at, and some of their houses moved to Khaibar and some of their houses moved to al-Hirah.

Period of Revelation

This Surah was revealed about the incident of the Banu al-Nadir, the Jews who broke the covenant with the Messenger, may God bless him and grant him peace, in the fourth year of the Hijrah, so that he expelled them from the city of the Prophet. of Fortresses and Castles
The Surat Al-Hashr was revealed in the fourth year of the migration of nations. The reason for its creation is the betrayal of the Jews of Banu Nadir to the Muslims, and Banu Nadir is one of the Jewish tribes that inhabited Medina.

And when the Messenger of God - may God bless him and grant him peace - settled in Medina together with the Muslims and they began to establish the first nucleus of the Islamic state, the Messenger - may God bless him and grant him peace - and the Muslims were anxious to fortify the home front.

And they began to make pacts and agreements with the non-Muslim inhabitants of Medina and its environs, including the Banu Nadir. The agreements included the division of blood money and compensation for the relatives of the murdered if the murderer was a Muslim or a Jewish Banu Nadir

The Messenger - may God bless him and grant him peace - went to the Bani Al-Nadir accompanied by ten of the great companions led by Abu Bakr Al-Siddiq, Umar bin Al-Khattab and Ali bin Abi Talib - may God be pleased with them. The Jews of the Bani Al-Nadir received him kindly, but they wanted to take advantage of the situation and arranged to betray the Messenger - may God bless him and grant him peace - and they planned to kill him while he was with them.

 So they ordered one of them to climb over the wall against which the Messenger - may God bless him and grant him peace - was leaning and throw a stone at him - may God bless him and grant him peace, and indeed Amr bin Jahash bin Kaab of Banu Nadir was preparing to carry out the task of killing the Messenger, unless the Messenger - may God bless him and grant him peace, peace be upon him - paid attention to this matter and left beforehand. And the Messenger - may God bless him and grant him peace - decided to punish the Banu Nadir for their treachery, betrayal and violation of the covenant they had made with the Messenger of God and the Muslims.

Theme and topics

Looking at the name of the sura, its beginning and its end, its verses and its themes, it becomes clear - and God knows best - that its purpose is

A declaration of God's power and might to weaken the unbelievers and the hypocrites and to show their shame and division in exchange for glorifying the status of the believers and showing their interdependence and support, strengthening the hearts of the believers and weakening the unbelievers and the hypocrites.

It strengthens in the heart of the believer - when he reads it thoughtfully - faith in God Almighty, certainty in Him and confidence in His ability to weaken the plans of the disbelievers and hypocrites, and informs him of the secrets of God's support for the believers and that He is with them when they, like the immigrants and the Ansar, support His religion, truthfulness to God, interdependence and love among them and purity.