History of surah The Family of Imraan

Name
Like the names of many other surahs, the name of this surah, which derives from ayah 33 of Al-i-Imran, simply serves to set it apart from other surahs and does not imply that the family of Imran has been discussed in it.

The Revelation Period
There are four discourses in this Surah:
Probably shortly after the Battle of Badr, the first discourse (1-32) was revealed.
In 9 A.H., during a delegation from Najran's Christians' visit, the second discourse (33-63) was revealed.
After the first discourse, the third discourse (64–120) seems to have been revealed right away.
After the Battle of Uhud, the fourth discourse (121-200) was made public.

Subject
Although these discourses were made public at various times and on various occasions, they are so interconnected in terms of their purpose, object, and main idea that they form one continuous whole. The Jews and Christians, as well as those who follow Muhammad (Allah's peace be upon him), are the two groups to which this Surah is specifically addressed.
The invitation in Al-Baqarah, in which they were warned against their false beliefs and bad morals and urged to accept the Truth of the Quran as a remedy, has been extended to the Jews and Christians as well. They were informed that Muhammad (peace be upon him) preached the same moral code that their own Prophets had; that it was the only moral code, the way of Allah, and that any deviation from it would be wrong even in the eyes of their own Scriptures.
The second group, the Muslims, who had been acknowledged as the best Community in Al-Baqarah, chosen as the Truth's torchbearers, and given the duty of reforming the world, have received additional instructions in addition to those stated in the Surah before it. The former communities' religious and moral decline has served as a warning to Muslims, who have been admonished to avoid following their example. They have also received instructions regarding the corrective work they needed to do. In addition, they have learned how to deal with the hypocrites and followers of the Book who were obstructing Allah with various kinds of obstacles. They have specifically been warned to watch out for those flaws that the Battle Uhd had exposed.

Background
The context of the Surah is as follows:

• The Believers had experienced a wide range of tribulations and difficulties that they had been warned about in Al-Baqarah. Even though they had prevailed in the Battle of Badr, they were still in danger. All the Arabian powers that were opposed to the Islamic Movement were now hostile toward them due to their victory. The Muslims were constantly in a state of fear and anxiety as warning signs of impending storms started to appear from every direction. The tiny state of Al-Madinah, which at the time was little more than a village state, appeared to be surrounded by an Arabian world that was determined to wipe out its very existence. Its economy, which had already been severely disrupted by the influx of Muslim refugees from Makkah, was being negatively impacted by this state of war.
• Then there was the unsettling issue with the Jewish clans that resided in Al-suburbs. Madinah's The agreements they had made with the Holy Prophet following his departure from Makkah were being abandoned. In fact, despite the fact that their core beliefs — the Oneness of Allah, Prophethood, and Life after Death — were the same as those of the Muslims, these People of the Book sympathized with the evil intentions of the idolaters on the occasion of the Battle of Badr. They openly started motivating the Quraish and other Arab clans to exact revenge on the Muslims after the Battle of Badr. Therefore, those Jewish clans renounced their long-standing friendship and neighborly ties with the residents of Al-Madinah. The Holy Prophet finally attacked the Bani-Qainu-qa'a, the most cunning of all the other Jewish clans, after their mischievous deeds and treaty violations became intolerable. They had teamed up with the hypocrites of Al-Madinah and the idolatrous Arab clans to encircle the Believers on all sides. The fact that even the life of the Holy Prophet himself was constantly in danger can be used to gauge the severity of the threat. In order to protect themselves from any sudden attacks, his Companions kept watch at night while sleeping in their armor during that time. If the Holy Prophet ever disappeared from view, even for a brief moment, they would immediately set out in search of him.
• As a result of the Jews' incitement, the Quraish were further motivated to exact revenge for their defeat at Badr and started to make plans accordingly. A battle was fought at the base of Mount Uhud a year later when a 3,000-man army marched out of Makkah to invade Al-Madinah. With a thousand men, the Holy Prophet left Al-Madinah to confront the foe. Three hundred hypocrites left the army as they marched to the battlefield and went back to Al-Madinah, but there was still a small group of them among the seven hundred who accompanied the Holy Prophet. During the Battle, they contributed and did their worst to stir up commotion and chaos among the Believers. This was the first obvious proof that there were many saboteurs within the Muslim Community who were always willing to work with the outside enemies to harm their own brothers and sisters.
• The failure at Uhd was due in no small part to the hypocrites' schemes, but it was also caused by the weaknesses of the Muslims themselves. And it was only natural for the Muslims to exhibit moral brittleness as they belonged to a young community that had only recently formed based on a novel ideology and had not yet received a thorough moral education. Naturally, some flaws surfaced during this second rigorous test of their physical and moral fortitude. In order to inform Muslims of their shortcomings and provide guidance for their reform, a thorough analysis of the Battle of Uhd was required. It should be noted that this Battle review differs significantly from the ones generals typically give on comparable occasions.

Subject: Guidance
This Surah is the continuation of Al-Baqarah, and it extends the invitation to the followers of the Book. The Jews were specifically urged to accept the guidance in Al-Baqara, and in this Surah, the Christians have been urged to renounce their false beliefs and accept the guidance of the Quran. The Muslims have also been told to cultivate the virtues that will help them fulfill their obligations and spread divine guidance.

Topics and their Interconnection
The fundamental truths about Allah, the Revelation, and Life After Death have been reaffirmed in these opening verses to act as appropriate introductions, leading to the major topics covered in the Surah.
This argument specifically appeals to Christians and invites them to embrace Islam. It disabuses Jesus and his mother not only of the stigma that the Jews had wrongfully placed upon them, but also disproves the false Christian doctrine that had been developed as a result of his miraculous birth. For this reason, the births of John the Baptist to a barren woman and an extremely old man, as well as Adam without a father or mother, have been used as examples to demonstrate that Jesus' paternalless birth does not give him any claim to deity. 33 - 65
In these verses, the Jews of the Book are urged to renounce their evil practices and submit to the divine Guidance. The Muslims have also been cautioned to watch out for their nefarious motives, foolish behavior, and absurd objections. 66 - 101
Muslims have been told to take notes on the experiences of the people of the Book in order to establish virtue and drive out evil, as well as to protect themselves from their schemes. 102 - 120
In this section, the Battle of Uhd is reviewed in order to show and reassure Muslims that if they exercise restraint, fortitude, and fear of Allah, their enemies' plots cannot harm them. It has been noted that the setback they experienced was brought on by the absence of certain moral virtues and the existence of certain evils. The taking of interest has been outlawed to partially eradicate this evil since the archers guarding the pass' greed was the main reason they were defeated (greed). 121 - 175
The main theme of verses 109–120 has been brought back to reassure and uplift Muslims in the face of their enemies' perilous plots. 175 - 189
The Surah concludes with this verse, which is not directly related to the verses that came before it but rather to the overall theme of the Surah. 190 - 200