History of surah She that is to be examined
Name
It was so named because it states that it is obligatory to examine the believing women when they emigrate and not to return them to the unbelievers if their faith is proven. It is also called "Emthan" and "Mawada".
Period of Revelation
Surah Al-Mumtahanah is one of the civil surahs revealed to the Prophet, God's prayer and peace be upon him, before the conquest of Mecca. It is the sixtieth surah in the order of the surahs of the Holy Qur'an, in the twenty-ninth part, and its verses are thirteen
The reason for the revelation of Surat Al-Mumtahana is the attempted betrayal that the Muslims faced before the conquest of Mecca by Hatib bin Abi Balta'a with the help of Sarah, the slave of Abi Amr bin Saifi. This is part of the story:
Sarah came to the Messenger Muhammad, God's prayer and peace be upon him, and asked him and the Muslims for help after they migrated from Mecca to Medina at the time when the Messenger, God's prayer and peace be upon him, was preparing the Muslim armies to conquer Mecca. She approached him, and he said to her, "Are you a Muslim woman, have you come?" She said, "No." He said to her, "What brought you here?" She replied, "Where are you among the people of Mecca?" She replied, "After the battle of Badr, I was not asked for anything, so the Prophet ordered the Bani Abd al-Muttalib in Mecca to give her whatever she needed, and indeed I took whatever she needed."
Theme and topics
The most important purpose of Surat Al-Mumtahanah is shown in the absence of friendship with the disbelievers, regardless of the connection with them, so that the one who goes out for the sake of God does not care about such things.
One of the purposes of Surat Al-Mumtahanah is also to tell Muslims that enmity with the disbelievers and polytheists only occurs when they fight and attack.
The Surah also clarifies the rules that Muslims must follow in dealing with women who come as immigrants from disbelief to faith, as well as the obligation to test them, and if their faith is proven, they must not be returned to their homes.